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Peixe-espada preto

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A pesca de espécies de profundidade, na Madeira, tem como espécie alvo principal o peixe-espada preto (Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839). Atualmente sabe-se que, na realidade esta pescaria captura em conjunto duas espécies simpátricas, indistinguíveis em lota. A espécie já mencionada e o peixe-espada intermédio (Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1983).

O peixe espada preto é um dos recursos pesqueiros da Região com maior tradição e impacto na gastronomia Regional, sendo uma pescaria centenária e uma das primeiras dirigidas, a nível mundial, a um peixe de profundidade.

As embarcações que efetuam a pesca deste recurso operando na Zona Económica Exclusiva da Madeira (ZEE) e águas Internacionais adjacentes e em águas a norte das Canárias ao abrigo de um acordo de pesca existente, estão licenciadas para a utilização de um palangre horizontal derivante de profundidade, o qual é localmente conhecido por “espinhel ou aparelho de espada”.

Nesta pescaria é empregue assim uma combinação de arte e metodologia de pesca, tendo como alvo específico uma camada limitada da coluna de água entre os 800 e os 1200 metros de profundidade. Esta combinação de fatores resulta numa elevada seletividade da pescaria, com uma composição de capturas quase exclusivamente baseada no já mencionado peixe-espada preto, com capturas acessórias quase exclusivamente limitadas a tubarões de profundidade, designadamente a espécie Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788), localmente conhecida por xara branca ou gata.

Em 2020 os desembarques de peixe-espada preto atingiram as 2.136 toneladas, correspondentes a 6,39 M€, sendo assim um dos principais recursos da pesca Regional apenas ultrapassado pela pescaria de tunídeos.

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